Utilization of biofertilizers for sustainable crop production in India: An update

This article explores the use of biofertilizers over the traditional use of chemical fertilizers due to their potential benefits in sustainable agriculture. Studies on overuse of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides shows that these chemicals are major cause of cancer and other lethal diseases which are also discussed here. Biofertilizers have become an eco-friendly alternative of chemical fertilizers and comprises a variety of microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria, and symbiotic associations like mycorrhiza which aids in maintaining soil integrity and fertility. Current article thoroughly explains about the selection and production of biofertilizers. The selection of correct species of soil bacteria is important as the bacteria associates with the plant which could impact the yield of the crop. Recent modification in biofertilizer formulations is one of the applications of genetic engineering which aims to improve its efficacy, stability and shelf life in order to adapt to diverse environmental conditions. Additionally, genetically modified bacterial strains improve bacterial competitiveness and shelf life. These strains mainly include the species of Rhizobium, Azospirillum and Alcaligenes faecalis. By doing the thorough examination of current researches, case studies and practical application, the article highlights the ecological, socio-economical and agricultural advantages of biofertilizers. Ultimately, this article highlights the potential of biofertilizers and how they contribute to the health of farmers and support sustainable agricultural practices.