Body mass index mediates the association between heavy metal exposure and overactive bladder risk: insights from a nationally representative cross-sectional study using explainable machine learning
Urinary cadmium, blood lead, and iron emerge as critical OAB risk modulators, with BMI serving as a partial mediator. Integrating explainable ML with conventional epidemiology elucidates environmental-metabolic interactions in OAB pathogenesis, underscoring the need for heavy metal screening and BMI management in high-risk populations.
Authors
- Qixian Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-0361)
- Jingjing Song (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0506-4671)
- Zhe Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4288-8103)
- Zhigang Jie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6369-7306)
- Chunfeng Xie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5149-0351)
- Jingyang Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5708-9518)
- Guoyang Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3905-903X)
- Xinxin Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3768-6152)
- Xiang Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-7152)
- Yujun Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-5397)
- Jiawei Gui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2007-2425)
- Benjie Li
Institutions
- Nanchang University (CN)
- Jiangxi Provincial Academy of Medical Sciences (CN)
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi Medical College (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Translational Andrology and Urology
- Published
- 2025-10-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-2025-350
- Primary Topic
- Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00