Contemporary management of radiation-associated posterior urethral stenosis: a narrative review

Management of radiation-associated posterior urethral stenosis remains challenging and is associated with significant rates of revision and <i>de novo</i> incontinence. Emerging techniques, including transurethral incision and transverse mucosal realignment, substitution urethroplasty with buccal mucosal graft, and robot-assisted posterior urethral reconstruction, may improve surgical outcomes but will require confirmatory data.