Chemical Profile and Anti-Obesity Effect of <i>Luffa Cylindrica</i> Roem Vinegar in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Obesity represents a major global health concern and is strongly associated with metabolic conditions, including fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disorders. Recent attention has focused on dietary strategies, particularly bioactive-rich plant-based interventions, to mitigate obesity-related complications. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of vinegar derived from <i>Luffa cylindrica</i>, a medicinal plant with known phytochemical benefits. The physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and metabolic effects of <i>L. cylindrica</i> vinegar (LV) were assessed through <i>in vitro</i> assays using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and an <i>in vivo</i> high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. LV significantly reduced lipid accumulation in adipocytes. In mice, LV administration attenuated body weight gain, reduced white adipose tissue mass, improved serum lipid profiles, and lowered cardiovascular risk indices. Furthermore, LV exhibited dose-dependent antioxidant activity and modulated key metabolic genes in the liver. These findings suggest that LV may be a functional dietary agent for managing obesity and improving metabolic health.