AI in the educational process in Oman’s higher education: Realities and prospects

The research seeks to investigate the reality of using artificial intelligence software in higher education institutions in the Sultanate of Oman, examine their effects on the learning process, and determine the challenges that academic institutions face to use these technologies. A descriptive qualitative method was used, collecting data through semi-structured interviews with technical administrators and teaching staff from public and private universities. Data were coded based on the Braun and Clarke approach, whereby interviews were transcribed into written transcripts and then coded in accordance with predetermined aims. The findings indicated that AI tools like ChatGPT and Gemini are being utilized to a greater extent in some of the universities in Oman, especially in lesson planning. Nevertheless, their utilization is still restricted in some universities due to inadequate infrastructure and technical capabilities. The study also revealed that the apps help enhance education by offering students personalized assistance, but instructors need more training to use them effectively. The study concluded that there is a pressing need to create educational infrastructure and develop advanced training programs for professors and students to enhance the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence. It also called for policy and control making to safeguard individual data and making regulations to ensure the secure and sustainable utilization of these technologies according to the attainment of Oman Vision 2040 for enhancing higher education and enhancing students’ skills.