Influence of non-thermal electrons and non-extensive positrons on ion acoustic solitary waves in multi-component plasmas

Ion acoustic solitary waves (IASWs) are important for transferring energy and information in both laboratory and in space plasma systems. Though several studies have focused on plasmas with standard Maxwellian electrons and positrons, real plasma settings like those in astrophysics, pulsar magnetospheres and laboratory experiments often have more complex structures such as non-thermal electron distributions and non-extensive positron populations. Despite their implication, the combined influence of these two non-equilibrium features on ion acoustic solitary waves has not yet been carefully explored. This work investigates the plasma system that comprises both non-thermal electrons and non-extensive positrons at the same time, which hasn't been considered together before. Using the Sagdeev potential approach an energy integral equation is derived that helps us to examine the energy of ion acoustic solitons. The important impact of plasma aspects on Ion acoustic (IA) solitary wave structures, including non-thermality parameter, positron concentration, non-extensive positron effect, concentration of cold ion and temperature ratio of positron to electron are investigated in detail. Then, we carefully explore how these two unique features influence key properties like the solitons' amplitude, width, speed and energy. This combined approach gives us significant insights that previous studies did not reveal, which focused on only one type of non-equilibrium particle. Our results reveals that non-thermality of electrons and non-extensivity of positrons significantly modify the soliton features, signifying possible explanations for observed nonlinear structures in space plasma observations and guiding laboratory plasma experiments.