生成式人工智能赋能大学生创新创业教育的机制与优化路径研究

生成式人工智能（Generative Artificial Intelligence, GenAI）的快速发展正深刻影响高等教育的教学理念与实践模式。作为高等教育改革的重要组成部分，大学生创新创业教育面临知识更新滞后、实践资源不足与个性化指导缺乏等困境。生成式AI的引入为创新创业教育注入了新的活力，其智能生成、知识整合与情境模拟功能有效拓展了教学边界。本文基于教育技术与创新创业理论，系统分析了生成式AI赋能创新创业教育的三重机制：知识创新赋能、能力培养赋能与生态协同赋能。在此基础上，指出当前应用中存在技术与伦理风险、教育体系适应性不足、制度治理滞后以及学生主体意识弱化等现实挑战。为此，提出强化顶层设计与伦理规范、提升教师AI素养、完善创新生态、增强学生批判意识及建立持续评估机制等优化路径。研究认为，生成式AI赋能创新创业教育应坚持“技术向善”与“以人为本”的原则，实现技术应用与教育目标的协同发展，为高校构建智能化、开放性与可持续的创新创业教育体系提供理论依据与实践参考。The rapid development of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has profoundly influenced the pedagogical concepts and practical models of higher education. As an essential component of higher education reform, innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students faces challenges such as outdated knowledge structures, insufficient practical resources, and a lack of personalized guidance. The introduction of GenAI injects new vitality into this field. Its capabilities in intelligent content generation, knowledge integration, and contextual simulation effectively expand the boundaries of teaching and learning.Drawing on theories of educational technology and innovation and entrepreneurship, this paper systematically analyzes the threefold mechanisms through which GenAI empowers innovation and entrepreneurship education: knowledge innovation empowerment, capability cultivation empowerment, and ecosystem collaboration empowerment. On this basis, it identifies several practical challenges, including technological and ethical risks, limited adaptability of educational systems, lagging institutional governance, and the weakening of students’ subject consciousness. Accordingly, the study proposes optimization paths such as strengthening top-level design and ethical guidelines, enhancing teachers’ AI literacy, improving the innovation ecosystem, fostering students’ critical awareness, and establishing continuous evaluation mechanisms.The study concludes that GenAI empowerment in innovation and entrepreneurship education should adhere to the principles of “technology for good” and “human-centered development,” achieving coordinated progress between technological applications and educational goals. This provides both theoretical foundations and practical references for building an intelligent, open, and sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship education system in higher education institutions.