青年在民族地区非遗传承中的角色与困境——基于珞巴族口头传统的田野调查

本研究聚焦于民族地区青年在非物质文化遗产传承中的角色与困境，以西藏自治区珞巴族口头传统为田野调查对象。研究发现，随着现代化进程的加速，非遗的生存土壤逐渐弱化，传承断代危机日益凸显。珞巴族作为人口较少民族，其口头传统主要依靠口耳相传，缺乏文字记录，传承方式较为脆弱。青年一代在传承中面临诸多角色冲突与困境：一方面，时间冲突显著，青年多接受现代教育，难以长期投入非遗传承；另一方面，角色内冲突突出，部分青年对本民族非遗认同感不强，民族语言传承困难，导致口头传统面临断层风险。此外，社会环境的变迁也对非遗传承造成冲击，如文化市场的商业化需求与传统技艺的保护之间的矛盾。尽管如此，仍有部分青年积极投身于非遗传承，通过现代教育和互联网技术，成为民族文化传承与传播的“新传人”。本研究通过角色理论分析，探讨如何从社会和社区层面调适冲突，化解矛盾，为民族地区非遗的可持续传承提供理论支持和实践路径。This study focuses on the role and dilemma of youth in ethnic regions in the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage (ICH), taking the oral tradition of the Lhoba ethnic group in the Tibet Autonomous Region as the field research object. It is found that with the acceleration of modernization, the living environment for ICH has gradually weakened, and the crisis of intergenerational inheritance discontinuity has become increasingly prominent. As a small-population ethnic group, the Lhoba’s oral tradition relies mainly on oral transmission without written records, making its inheritance mode relatively fragile. The younger generation faces multiple role conflicts and dilemmas in the inheritance process. On the one hand, there is a significant time conflict: most young people receive modern education and find it difficult to invest in ICH inheritance for a long time. On the other hand, intrapersonal role conflicts are prominent: some young people have a weak sense of identity with their ethnic ICH, and the inheritance of ethnic languages is challenging, leading to the risk of discontinuity in the oral tradition. In addition, changes in the social environment also impact ICH inheritance, such as the contradiction between the commercial demands of the cultural market and the protection of traditional crafts. Nevertheless, some young people are still actively engaged in ICH inheritance, becoming "new inheritors" of ethnic cultural inheritance and dissemination through modern education and Internet technology. Through the analysis of role theory, this study explores how to adjust conflicts and resolve contradictions at the social and community levels, providing theoretical support and practical paths for the sustainable inheritance of ICH in ethnic regions.