Multimodality Imaging of a Ruptured Ovarian Dermoid Cyst Presenting As Disseminated Granulomatous Inflammation: A Radiology Case Report

Dermoid cysts develop when epithelium and tissue are enveloped in a sac. A rupture of an ovarian dermoid (mature cystic teratoma) is uncommon and can rarely mimic disseminated malignancy on radiological imaging. This case describes an adult woman developing progressive abdominopelvic fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid lesions following laparoscopic dermoid cystectomy. Multiple imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), were interpreted as possible metastatic ovarian carcinoma. Histology of biopsies following this revealed non-necrotising granulomatous inflammation with no evidence of cancer. The recognition of this benign mimic is important to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary stress for patients.