Une transition par la diversification d’un système de polyculture-élevage : variabilité des performances techniques et conditions territoriales d’émergence

Agroecological transition is part of a biophysical and socio-economic environment on which farming systems depend to build their biotechnical performance and add value to their production. The aim of this article is to study the transition from an autonomous dairy-polyculture system to a diversified system conducted at INRAE in system experimentation. Using multivariate analyses applied to animal production (dairy cows) and crop production (harvested forage), the results show marked variability in technical performance, linked to management choices and environmental conditions. At farm level, we show that diversification enables better use to be made of environmental resources, thanks to crop-livestock interactions, for an equivalent level of productivity. In addition, we show that the transition to diversification is conditioned by the presence in the region of committed industry players open to the development of a wide range of products.