THE HERDSMEN MENACE: A CRITICAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE DRIVERS AND DIMENSIONS OF INSECURITY IN NIGERIA

Research problem: This paper interrogates the increasing link between pastoralism and insecurity in Nigeria, reflecting a trend that is increasingly observed worldwide. Despite providing for millions of people and making a substantial contribution to the production of meat, milk, and leather, pastoralism is currently the focal point of violent confrontations, particularly between sedentary agricultural communities and nomadic Fulani herders. Methods: Using a qualitative research approach, the study draws on existing literature, government reports, and data from non-governmental organisations to explore the complex causes of farmer–herder clashes. These include climate change, population growth, weak governance, the proliferation of small arms, and cattle rustling, which often trigger cycles of violence and retaliation. Results: The findings show that this instability hampers humanitarian efforts, economic activities, environmental sustainability, and political stability. These impacts destabilise communities and impede Nigeria's overall development. Conclusion: The study concludes that resolving the crisis requires a multifaceted, comprehensive strategy. Key contribution to knowledge: The main contribution of this research is a holistic framework for policy actions that addresses the root causes of the conflict, fostering peaceful coexistence, enhancing long-term stability, and safeguarding food security for all Nigerians through integrated strategies that balance socio-economic development, conflict resolution mechanisms, and inclusive governance practices tailored to the nation’s diverse cultural and ecological contexts. Recommendations: Suggested measures include strengthening climate change adaptation through better land and water management, promoting sustainable ranching practices, and reforming the Land Use Act to clarify land rights. Additionally, improving the capacity of security forces to act impartially, investing in grassroots conflict resolution, and reducing ethno-religious rhetoric are essential.