ECO-THEOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: A THEOLOGICAL APPRAISAL OF STEWARDSHIP VERSUS EXPLOITATION IN THE PURSUIT OF SUSTAINABILITY

Research Problem: This paper investigates the complex intersection between Christian theology and environmental ethics in Sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the theological tension between stewardship and exploitation of nature. Despite rich theological traditions, African Christian engagement with ecological sustainability remains inconsistent and underdeveloped. Methods: The study adopts a qualitative research design, employing content analysis of key theological and pastoral texts alongside semi-structured interviews with selected church leaders and environmental advocates across Sub-Saharan Africa. The theoretical framework draws from Creation Theology, Liberation Theology, and Postcolonial Ecological Hermeneutics. Results: Findings indicate that African Christian traditions contain deep theological resources supportive of ecological care. However, these are frequently underutilized due to misinterpretations of scripture, lingering colonial theological legacies, and economic constraints. In contrast, churches that incorporate indigenous ecological knowledge with biblical stewardship principles exhibit stronger engagement in environmental activities such as afforestation, ecological education, and land restoration. Conclusion: The study concludes that meaningful environmental transformation requires a reimagining of theology that affirms the sacredness of creation and emphasizes collective responsibility. Churches that embrace such a contextual theology are better positioned to respond to Africa’s ecological challenges. Key Contribution to Knowledge: This research contributes a novel contextual framework for African eco-theology that integrates indigenous wisdom with Christian theological ethics, offering a model for sustainable faith-based ecological engagement. Recommendation: The paper recommends the reformation of theological curricula, intensified advocacy by church institutions, and grassroots mobilization to empower African churches as transformative agents in the movement for environmental sustainability.