Evaluation of a polyherbal formulation in gastric ulcer models induced by naproxen and acetic acid in Wistar Rats

Background: Gastric ulcers remain a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder, often exacerbated by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like Naproxen and irritants such as acetic acid. The investigation focuses on evaluating the gastroprotective properties of a formulation composed of standardized extracts from traditionally used medicinal plants, evaluated in Wistar rat models with experimentally induced gastric ulcers. Methodology: Ulcers were induced using Naproxen (NSAID-induced model) and acetic acid (chronic ulcer model) to mimic acute and chronic ulcerative conditions. The polyherbal formulation was administered orally at graded doses prior to ulcer induction. Ulcer index, gastric volume, pH, and histopathological parameters were assessed to determine protective effects. Results: The polyherbal formulation significantly reduced ulcer index in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest dose (1180 mg/kg) lowering the index to 0.44 ± 0.02 in Naproxen-induced ulcers (67.45% protection) and to 2.21 ± 0.01 in acetic acid-induced ulcers (61.25% protection), closely approaching omeprazole’s efficacy. Discussion: The formulation demonstrated a significant reduction in ulcer index and improved gastric mucosal integrity, with notable restoration of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Histological studies revealed reduced mucosal damage and inflammation compared to control groups. Conclusion: These outcomes recommend that the polyherbal formulation utilizes a protective effect against gastric ulcers, likely through cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant mechanisms. The study supports the therapeutic potential of polyherbal combinations in managing gastric ulcers and encourages further clinical investigation.