High-Entropy Li–Na–K Fluoride–Chloride Melts for MSRs
This study theoretically evaluates the thermophysical properties of high-entropy molten salt mixtures composed of lithium, sodium, and potassium fluorides and chlorides, exhibiting enhanced thermodynamic stability as a result of the high configurational entropy. The equimolar mixture, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>l</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>, maximizes configurational entropy. This mixture's configurational entropy (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mfrac><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mi>ln</mml:mi><mml:mo></mml:mo><mml:mn>24</mml:mn><mml:mo>≈</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.59</mml:mn><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:math> = 13.21 J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>) approaches the high-entropy threshold of Rln5 (13.38 J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>). These high-entropy mixtures, with entropy significantly exceeding that of FLiNaK (6.9 J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>), are promising coolants for molten salt reactors due to improved thermodynamic stability. Two eutectic compositions with reduced lithium content, derived from the phase diagram (melting points 606 and 630 °C), are also analyzed. Density, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and viscosity are calculated from liquidus to 1000 °C using phenomenological superposition-extrapolation, thermodynamic perturbation theory (TPT), and molecular dynamics with machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs).
Authors
- Dmitry Zakiryanov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2649-7871)
- Н. К. Ткачев (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-2644)
Institutions
- Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry (RU)
- Institute of Metallurgy (RU)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
- Published
- 2025-11-14
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5c05076
- Primary Topic
- Optical properties and cooling technologies in crystalline materials
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00