Chondrosarcoma of the mandibular condyle

Our report details an unusual case of chondrosarcoma in a man in his late 50s who presented with symptoms of pain, swelling and trismus. He was initially diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) and managed conservatively. With time, symptoms progressed, so a cone beam CT scan was advised. The scan revealed an expansile lytic lesion in the condylar region with cortical erosion. It showed heterogeneous density with ring arch calcification around the condylar head, which was suggestive of the cartilaginous lesion. Microscopic examination showed a tumour composed of lobules of atypical chondrocytes with increased cellularity and hyperchromatic nuclei infiltrating the surrounding fibrous tissue. A confirmed diagnosis of grade I chondrosarcoma was made. The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumour with wide, clear margins. Follow-up care involved regular monitoring for any potential recurrence. This case highlights the rarity of chondrosarcoma, which presents with no specific symptoms or signs that can lead to a delay in diagnosis.