Enhancing Antimicrobial Properties of LLDPE/Orange Peel Powder/Titanium Dioxide Composite Films for Food Packaging Applications

Food-borne microbial outbreaks have become a serious issue worldwide, pushing researchers to find better ways to stop microbes from spoiling food while keeping it fresh and safe. One promising approach is antimicrobial packaging, which actively fights bacteria and fungi, unlike regular packaging, which only physically protects food. Linear low-density polyethene (LLDPE) is a common plastic used for packaging because of its strength and flexibility. This study focused on improving LLDPE films by adding natural and safe antimicrobial agents. Orange peel powder, a waste product rich in natural compounds like flavonoids and essential oils, was used for its natural ability to fight microbes. Using orange peel powder also helps reduce waste and supports eco-friendly goals. To boost the antimicrobial effect, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were added. TiO2 can kill bacteria by producing reactive molecules under light. When combined, orange peel powder and TiO2 work together to more effectively inhibit microbes. The mixture was melted and shaped into films, which retained their strength and allowed air and moisture control ideal for packaging. Tests showed these films could reduce microbial growth on food, keeping it safer for longer. This method offers a sustainable, efficient way to protect food by using natural waste and modern nanotechnology.