“If We Could Identify Those Roadblocks, The Program Could Run Way Better”: A Case Study Exploring Circumstances of Low Implementation in an Arrest Diversion Program

Police-based diversion programs offer a promising approach to preventing criminal offending, improving the health of individuals with substance use disorder, and reducing the costs of substance use. While some research has assessed program implementation, less has explored what circumstances impact low implementation or sustainability. The current case study addresses this gap by exploring circumstances surrounding low implementation of a police-based diversion initiative. Results suggest that the program reached its intended population but was underutilized. Qualitative interviews with key stakeholders identify facilitators (e.g., collaboration) and barriers (e.g., staff turnover) to program implementation and sustainability. Results are discussed in the context of implementing police-based diversion programs, offering practical implications for those developing or evaluating police-based diversion initiatives.