Postpartum family planning counselling during maternity care visits in Bangladesh and its effect on contraceptive initiation.

Postpartum family planning (PPFP) is an essential component of birth care that helps avert maternal and newborn health hazards by preventing short-spaced births. Many Asian and African studies found PPFP counselling during antenatal care (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) effective in increasing PPFP uptake. Studies in Bangladesh, however, provided limited evidence of the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating PPFP in maternal health services. The national action plan integrated PPFP services (counseling and providing methods) in maternal health care and immunisation programmes. However, no study has examined the availability of PPFP counselling, an essential component of PPFP, in maternity care points and its effectiveness in increasing PPFP initiation. We explore the prevalence and correlates of PPFP counselling during ANC and PNC and investigate whether PPFP counselling during ANC and PNC increases PPFP initiation.We used nationally representative data from the 2017-18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey to analyse whether women having the last live birth in the past three years received PPFP counselling during ANC or PNC visits. We included women's other characteristics as covariates in a multivariable logistic regression. Finally, we analysed the 12-month PPFP initiation by PPFP counselling during ANC and PNC visits. The PPFP initiation analysis used self-reported contraceptive calendar data, a life table technique, and a proportional hazards model.The prevalence of PPFP counselling was 12% during ANC and 22% during PNC. Women with higher education, higher birth order, upper household wealth quintiles, and living in the Khulna division compared to Chattogram (i.e. the division with the lowest PPFP counselling prevalence) were more likely to receive PPFP counselling during ANC and PNC. Three-fourths of the women initiated FP within 12 months postpartum. PPFP initiation was higher for women receiving PPFP counselling during PNC than those who did not receive it during PNC. We did not find evidence of increased PPFP initiation among women receiving PPFP counselling during ANC.The higher PPFP initiation among women receiving PPFP counselling during PNC is encouraging. Although we did not find evidence supporting increased PPFP initiation among women receiving PPFP counselling during ANC, further investigation on the quality of PPFP counselling during ANC may guide this necessary intervention's implementation and scale-up.