Impact of Hemoglobin Levels During Definite Chemoradiotherapy of Patients with Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma on Survival

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: This study aims to investigate the impact of hemoglobin (Hb) level changes during radiochemotherapy (RCT) on the survival of patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 97 patients with HNSCC, treated with definitive RCT between January 2016 and October 2021. Hb levels were monitored weekly during RCT. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis were performed. <i>Results</i>: There was a significant association between Hb levels at the end of RCT and overall survival (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Initial Hb levels and Hb level changes were not significantly associated with survival. In multivariate analysis, a lower body mass index (BMI) and Hb levels at week six were identified as significant prognostic factors. <i>Conclusions</i>: At the end of RCT, rather than baseline levels or changes during treatment, Hb levels are a significant prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with HNSCC.