Red Palm Oil: Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Properties, and Potential Applications in Health and Cosmetics: A Narrative Review

Red palm oil (RPO) is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including carotenoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and polyphenols, which contribute to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review summarizes the current understanding of RPO composition, bioactivity, and potential applications in health and cosmetics. Current preclinical and small-scale clinical studies suggest that RPO bioactives can mitigate oxidative stress, modulate inflammatory pathways, and improve skin barrier function. Strategies to enhance stability and bioavailability, such as microencapsulation and formulation into emulsions or liposomes, are also discussed. The manuscript highlights the potential of RPO as a natural functional ingredient in dietary, nutraceutical, and cosmetic products. Comprehensive evaluation of these bioactive compounds provides insights for future research and practical applications in promoting human health.