In-hospital and neurodevelopmental outcomes of treatment strategies for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: A retrospective cohort study

For preterm infants with hsPDA, invasive closure was associated with lower odds of mortality but higher odds of BPD ≥ grade II, ROP ≥ stage 3, and cognitive impairment compared to medical treatment. Among infants with PDA, despite a more turbulent postnatal course, neurodevelopmental outcomes for those receiving medication or invasive closure were comparable to those managed conservatively. Despite multiple statistical approaches, the limited sample size and potential reverse causality bias remain concerns. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal treatment strategy for PDA in preterm infants.