Investigating the Correlation Between the Richness of Land Cover Types and Landscape Functions in Jinghe County at Different Scales

Jinghe County, as a typical arid area unit in the Ebinur Lake Basin, has a fragile ecosystem background and prominent soil erosion problems which have posed a serious threat to regional ecological security. Therefore, this paper takes Jinghe County as the research area, sets up two scale landscape plots of 250 × 250 m and 500 × 500 m, and combines time-series remote sensing data to systematically analyze the correlation characteristics between landscape richness and ecosystem functions. The research results are as follows: (1) From 2008 to 2023, the landscape pattern of Jinghe County underwent phased changes, reflecting the dynamic response of the landscape ecosystem driven by natural disturbances, ecological restoration and human activities. (2) At the 250 × 250 m plot scale, landscape diversity has a stronger explanatory power for EVI_AVG, while under different spatial scale conditions, the impact of log(LR) on ecosystem productivity and phenological indicators shows significant differences. Overall, as the spatial scale increases, the positive effect of NE gradually strengthens, and its correlation with landscape patterns becomes more intimate. (3) At different sampling scales, there exist varying degrees of correlations between landscape pattern indices and environmental factors, as well as within the two types of indicators themselves. (4) The overall trend of ecological effects is consistent at different sampling scales, but there are local differences; in addition, scale changes can regulate the direction and significance level of the correlation of ecological processes. This study reveals the regulatory mechanism of landscape richness on ecosystem functions in Jinghe County at different spatial scales, providing a scientific basis for the optimization of landscape patterns in arid areas.