Advancements in ZnFe2O4 Synthesis: A Comparative Study of Sol–Gel and Solid-State Methods for Next-Generation Battery Applications

The article examines the synthesis and electrophysical properties of spinel ferrite ZnFe2O4, produced using the sol–gel method with a solid-state finishing process; as well as through classical ceramic technology with mechanochemical activation. The study includes a detailed analysis of the phase composition and crystalline structure using X-ray diffraction; infrared spectroscopy; mass spectrometry; and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. These methods help identify thermal effects and the stages of synthesis. Impedance spectroscopy is used to investigate the electrophysical properties, revealing a significant influence of firing temperature on electrical ionic conductivity. The results show that the electrophysical properties differ based on the synthesis conditions and methods. This suggests potential applications for ZnFe2O4 as a cathode material in metal-ion batteries. The work highlights the importance of optimizing synthesis conditions to achieve high-performance characteristics in electrode materials.