Guidelines for surveillance after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC)

The development of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has transformed the landscape of treatment for peritoneal surface malignancies. It has become increasingly clear that oncological surveillance strategies must adapt to the unique challenges posed by this therapeutic approach. Innovations in diagnostic tools, such as advanced imaging techniques and biomarker analysis, have begun to play a pivotal role in tailoring follow-up protocols. Additionally, comprehensive guidelines that integrate tumor-specific characteristics and outcomes from high-volume centers are critical to optimizing long-term care and improving patient prognosis. This article reviews current surveillance practices after CRS + HIPEC, including tumor-specific protocols, international guidelines and the role of multidisciplinary teams. It also addresses systemic challenges, the importance of specialized centers and emerging diagnostic tools such as liquid biopsy and AI-assisted imaging.