Slit-loaded coplanar waveguide for color-center spin qubits

The spin qubits of color centers are extensively investigated for quantum sensing, communication, and information processing, with their states generally controlled using lasers and microwaves. However, it is challenging to effectively irradiate both lasers and microwaves onto color centers using small-footprint microwave waveguides or antennas that are compatible with semiconductor devices. We show experimentally that, by introducing a compact coplanar waveguide with a thin slit in its signal line, effective irradiation of both lasers and microwaves is enabled, allowing spin-state control of color centers created around the slit. Microwave magnetic fields parallel to the surface, intrinsically generated by a standard coplanar waveguide, persist even after loading the slit, which is necessary to control the color centers whose spin quantization axes are oriented perpendicular to the surface, while laser light for the initialization and readout of spin states can access the color centers through the slit. Continuous and pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance measurements are performed for the silicon vacancies ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:msub> <a:mi>V</a:mi> <a:mi>Si</a:mi> </a:msub> </a:math> ) in silicon carbide <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <c:mn>4</c:mn> <c:mi>H</c:mi> </c:math> - <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <e:mrow> <e:mi>Si</e:mi> <e:mi mathvariant="normal">C</e:mi> </e:mrow> </e:math> (0001). Experimental results indicate that the spin states of <h:math xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <h:msub> <h:mi>V</h:mi> <h:mi>Si</h:mi> </h:msub> </h:math> are effectively controlled by the microwave magnetic fields parallel to the surface, which agrees with numerical results from electromagnetic field simulations. Our small-footprint waveguide is suitable for integrating color-center-based quantum sensors into semiconductor electronic devices and other small-scale systems.