Martial arts induce quasicritical brain states: a unified, multiscale, and mechanistic theory of brain health optimization

Emerging studies indicate that martial arts practice may benefit brain health; yet current findings are scattered and mostly descriptive, lacking an integrated explanation of underlying mechanisms. This article introduces the Integrative Theory of Martial Arts (ITMA), a theoretical framework developed through a systematic theoretical synthesis of interdisciplinary literature. ITMA explains how well designed martial arts training can optimize brain function by combining sensorimotor, cognitive and social-emotional demands. It proposes that these combined experiences drive the brain toward a quasicritical state-a dynamic regime of neural activity that supports health, efficient information processing, adaptability, and resilience. The theory integrates key concepts such as metastability, functional connectivity, neuroplasticity, neural synchronization, and signal-to-noise ratio as part of a single multiscale neurophysiological cascade. Preliminary empirical studies are cited to illustrate the plausibility of ITMA's propositions. By consolidating fragmented evidence into a unified mechanistic model, ITMA provides a new paradigm and testable hypotheses for future research on martial arts as a neurophysiological intervention, offering a roadmap for designing, evaluating, and scaling programs for brain health and human development.