Changes in knee outcome measures following later-stage exercise interventions implemented ≤ 12 weeks vs. > 12 weeks after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Many observed changes in the knee outcome measures exceeded the MDC thresholds, indicating clinically meaningful benefits from later-stage exercise interventions post-TKA. The interventions implemented at ≤ 12 weeks primarily improved the functional performance, whereas those lasting > 12 weeks resulted in greater gains in the muscle strength and joint flexibility. Stronger evidence and more detailed intervention descriptions are needed to better integrate these findings into rehabilitation practice.