Single-Layer renal surface vs. standard three-layer approach in retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy: surgical efficiency, learning curves, and recovery outcomes

The SLRS approach significantly accelerates postoperative recovery (e.g., reduced fever incidence, drain output, and pain scores) and shortens the learning curve while maintaining operative safety. Notably, SLRS was associated with slightly prolonged hospital stay, potentially linked to extended renal mobilization or institutional perioperative protocols. These findings highlight SLRS as a viable alternative to TLA for enhancing surgical efficiency and early convalescence.