Cost analysis for the implementation of LUCF mitigation toward NDC target in Indonesia

The study found that mitigation activities by the private require higher life cycle costs due to a large portion of indirect and transaction costs that accounted for 10-43% and 4-19% of the total cost, respectively. Considering the financially significant contribution from the private sector to achieve the NDC target, and to increase the participation of non-party actors to the NDC target, this study proposes more policy instruments made available for cutting these formal transaction costs and to more diversify financing sources.