Immunotherapy in biliary tract cancer: effective but not enough?
The integration of immunotherapy with chemotherapy has established itself as a new standard treatment, while innovative approaches including dual immunotherapy, pairing ICIs with targeted therapies and combining ICIs with locoregional therapies have shown encouraging synergy. Nonetheless, issues like primary and secondary resistance, the immunosuppressive TME of BTC, and the lack of reliable biomarkers of response remain major challenges.
Authors
- Maria Colomba Comes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2903-4389)
- Valeria Grazia Malagnino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2097-9151)
- Annarita Fanizzi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2729-9896)
- Raffaele De Luca (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9337-0769)
- Taha Koray Şahin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3590-0426)
- Enes Erul (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2487-2087)
- Giovanni Brandi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0013-2858)
- Fernando Sabino Marques Monteiro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6621-8251)
- Raffaella Massafra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8588-261X)
- Samantha Bove (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7772-7513)
- Oronzo Brunetti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7014-6828)
- Alessandro Rizzo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6085-648X)
- Deniz Can Güven (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6924-9467)
Institutions
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (US)
- Azienda USL di Bologna (IT)
- Istituto Tumori Bari (IT)
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês (BR)
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IT)
- Hacettepe University (TR)
- University of Bologna (IT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology
- Published
- 2025-11-02
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2025.2590695
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.01