Prevalence of depression, anxiety, fatigue, and headache before and after long COVID onset: a case–control study in the total population of Region Stockholm
Individuals with long COVID had a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, fatigue, and headache both before and after being diagnosed with long COVID compared with controls without long COVID. The findings suggest an association between mental health vulnerabilities and long COVID, while the frequency of registered mental health diagnoses remained largely similar after the long COVID diagnosis.
Authors
- Sebastian Lindblom (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3781-7615)
- Predrag Petrović (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5536-945X)
- Myrto Sklivanioti Greenfield (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4742-9395)
- Åsa M. Wheelock (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-2745)
- Artur Fedorowski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5352-6327)
- Caroline Wachtler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1317-7732)
- Iryna Kolosenko (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3988-1784)
- Axel Carl Carlsson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6113-0472)
- S.-S. Lee
- Marta Alina Kisiel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0410-1509)
- Pia Lindberg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8581-3179)
- Gunnar Ljunggren
Institutions
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Stockholm School of Economics (SE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Mälardalen University (SE)
- Stockholm Health Care Services (SE)
- Mälardalen University (SE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BMC Medicine
- Published
- 2025-11-14
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04498-w
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.39
Funders
- Hjärt-Lungfonden
- Karolinska Institutet
- Vetenskapsrådet