Exploring the gut–kidney axis: possible connection between gastrointestinal and renal disorders in dromedary camels

Gastrointestinal disorders in dromedary camels are strongly linked to renal dysfunction, as evidenced by consistent biochemical and ultrasonographic abnormalities. These findings highlight the clinical relevance of the gut-renal axis in camels and emphasize the importance of early recognition and management of GI disorders to prevent secondary renal complications.