Estimating 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Primary Prevention Using UK Electronic Health Records and a Hybrid Multitask BERT Model: Retrospective Cohort Study

The proposed hybrid MT-BERT model predicts 10-year CVD risk for primary prevention by integrating structured variables and unstructured clinical text from EHRs. Its multitask design facilitates both individualized risk stratification and TTE estimation. While performance was modestly reduced in deprived and minority ethnic subgroups, these findings provide preliminary support for advancing equity-aware, data-driven prevention strategies in increasingly diverse health care settings.