A review on the research progress of nano-preparations of traditional Chinese medicine for cardiovascular diseases

Nanomedicine, an emerging therapeutic approach, has shown significant promise for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Despite advancements in conventional therapies, CHD remains a major cardiovascular health issue, necessitating new and more effective treatment options. This review aimed to comprehensively examine the progress and potential of nanomedicine, particularly traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nanoparticles, for the treatment of CHD. Background of CHD, including its epidemiological characteristics and the limitations of current therapeutic strategies. Preparation methods and characteristics of TCM nanoparticles: a detailed discussion of the various preparation methods for TCM nanoparticles, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. This review also covers the key characteristics of these nanoparticles, such as particle size, surface properties, and drug release kinetics. Applications of TCM nanoparticles in treating CHD, a review of the mechanisms by which TCM nanoparticles regulate pathophysiological processes in CHD, enhanced pharmacological effects, and the results of relevant clinical trials. Challenges and prospects in clinical applications: a discussion of the current challenges faced by nanomedicine in clinical settings, including issues related to drug safety, large-scale production, and standardization. The future prospects of nanomedicine in CHD treatment, such as personalized and multimodal therapies, were also explored. This review highlights the potential of nanomedicine, particularly TCM nanoparticles, to provide more effective and personalized treatment options for patients with CHD. This study aims to offer insights and references that can further promote the application of nanomedicine in clinical practice.