Rare bleeding source in esophageal carcinoma – a case of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage from intercostal artery pseudoaneurysm: A case report and literature review

Multidisciplinary collaborative management is essential for UGIB. TAE should be considered when conventional therapies fail. During TAE, if routine angiography of suspected culprit vessels yields negative results, a high index of suspicion for rare ectopic feeding arteries (e.g., intercostal arteries) is required. This case report aims to enhance the diagnostic and embolization proficiency of interventional radiologists in managing UGIB caused by such uncommon aberrant vessels.