Non-obese gestational diabetes: A unique risk profile for maternal and fetal outcomes

This retrospective study aimed to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in non-obese and obese gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients to determine whether body mass index (BMI) exerts an independent effect on adverse pregnancy events. A total of 400 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM (200 non-obese and 200 obese) were evaluated. Relevant data, including baseline demographics, clinical parameters, and both maternal and neonatal outcomes, were extracted from the hospital records. Comparisons between groups were performed using standard statistical tests, and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to identify independent predictors of complications, such as preeclampsia, macrosomia, and cesarean delivery. The obese GDM group demonstrated significantly elevated risks of preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, macrosomia, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Logistic regression analyses identified elevated BMI and higher glycated hemoglobin levels as independent risk factors for adverse outcomes. While non-obese GDM patients generally had fewer complications, they were not exempt from critical risks, underscoring the importance of vigilant monitoring, regardless of BMI. These findings emphasize that both non-obese and obese women with GDM require comprehensive management. Early detection optimized glycemic control, and targeted perinatal follow-up may help mitigate complications and improve overall maternal and neonatal health across diverse BMI categories.