Spectral Analysis for Some Third-Order Differential Equations: Well-Posedness and Regularity
In this article, we present a spectral analysis for a class of abstract evolution equations of third order in time in order to study the well-posedness of these equations. Namely, we consider the following class of differential equations <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true" rowspacing="3pt"> <mml:mtr> <mml:mtd> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">u</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mtd> </mml:mtr> </mml:mtable> </mml:math> where <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:math> are non-negative constants, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:math> is a Banach space, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⊂</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:math> is the infinitesimal generator of an exponentially stable semigroup in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> denotes the fractional power of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> </mml:math> . We determine, in terms of the coefficients <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:math> , when this equation is either ill-posed, or hyperbolic, or parabolic, in the sense of the theory of strongly continuous semigroups of bounded linear operators. Additionally, we present an example using the fractional Laplacian on a bounded smooth domain of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> .
Authors
- Lucas A. Santos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8856-5388)
- Flank D. M. Bezerra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8937-4193)
- Carlos R. Takaessu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4607-1766)
Institutions
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (BR)
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (BR)
- Brazilian Society of Computational and Applied Mathematics (BR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Asymptotic Analysis
- Published
- 2025-11-14
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1177/09217134251392314
- Primary Topic
- Nonlinear Differential Equations Analysis
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00