Spectral Analysis for Some Third-Order Differential Equations: Well-Posedness and Regularity

In this article, we present a spectral analysis for a class of abstract evolution equations of third order in time in order to study the well-posedness of these equations. Namely, we consider the following class of differential equations <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true" rowspacing="3pt"> <mml:mtr> <mml:mtd> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">u</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mtd> </mml:mtr> </mml:mtable> </mml:math> where <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:math> are non-negative constants, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:math> is a Banach space, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⊂</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:math> is the infinitesimal generator of an exponentially stable semigroup in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> denotes the fractional power of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> </mml:math> . We determine, in terms of the coefficients <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:math> , when this equation is either ill-posed, or hyperbolic, or parabolic, in the sense of the theory of strongly continuous semigroups of bounded linear operators. Additionally, we present an example using the fractional Laplacian on a bounded smooth domain of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> .

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Journal
Asymptotic Analysis
Published
2025-11-14
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/09217134251392314
Primary Topic
Nonlinear Differential Equations Analysis
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article
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article

Spectral Analysis for Some Third-Order Differential Equations: Well-Posedness and Regularity

Lucas A. Santos, Flank D. M. Bezerra, Carlos R. Takaessu
Asymptotic Analysis
Nonlinear Differential Equations Analysis
article

Spectral Analysis for Some Third-Order Differential Equations: Well-Posedness and Regularity

Lucas A. Santos, Flank D. M. Bezerra, Carlos R. Takaessu
article en

Abstract

In this article, we present a spectral analysis for a class of abstract evolution equations of third order in time in order to study the well-posedness of these equations. Namely, we consider the following class of differential equations <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true" rowspacing="3pt"> <mml:mtr> <mml:mtd> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">u</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mtd> </mml:mtr> </mml:mtable> </mml:math> where <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:math> are non-negative constants, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:math> is a Banach space, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⊂</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:math> is the infinitesimal generator of an exponentially stable semigroup in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> denotes the fractional power of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> </mml:math> . We determine, in terms of the coefficients <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:math> , when this equation is either ill-posed, or hyperbolic, or parabolic, in the sense of the theory of strongly continuous semigroups of bounded linear operators. Additionally, we present an example using the fractional Laplacian on a bounded smooth domain of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> .

Asymptotic Analysis
Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (BR), Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (BR), Brazilian Society of Computational and Applied Mathematics (BR)
Openalex Percentile: Top 53%
Nonlinear Differential Equations Analysis
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