Mental Health Factors: Stress, Loneliness, and Academic Performance in Domestic vs. International College Students

Background College students, particularly international students, face unique challenges related to mental health and academic performance. Previous studies have shown that stress, loneliness, and psychological distress significantly impact both domestic and international students, but the extent and predictors of these issues may vary between groups. Methods Data were drawn from 102,905 respondents in the 2022 American College Health Association’s National College Health Assessment, including 89,663 domestic and 13,242 international students. A cross-sectional secondary analysis using logistic regression examined associations between stress and variables such as loneliness, psychological distress, and academic outcomes. Results Stress significantly predicted loneliness, psychological distress, and educational challenges in both groups. International students had slightly higher odds of experiencing loneliness ( AOR = 1.508) and academic distress ( AOR = 4.467) than domestic students. Discussion The findings of this study underscore the importance of understanding the distinct mental health challenges faced by domestic and international college students. Conclusion Tailored mental health interventions and social integration initiatives are essential to addressing international students’ unique challenges and promoting their well-being and academic success.