Flexible housing for aging populations: integrating component-based adaptability with long-term residential needs

Purpose The demand for innovative housing solutions supporting aging in place (AIP) has increased with the aging global population. Traditional residential designs often fail to accommodate the evolving physical and social needs of older adults. To address these challenges, this study proposed a flexible housing framework comprising architect-designed and occupant-driven components. Design/methodology/approach A literature review was conducted to identify and categorize flexible housing components that support AIP, which informed the proposed framework. Five representative case studies were selected to validate the framework based on their approaches to flexibility, diverse geographic and cultural contexts and long-term effectiveness. These were analyzed in depth to illustrate how design flexibility meets the dynamic needs of older adults. Findings The review identified 21 components supporting housing designs for AIP, highlighting fundamental elements such as separable structural systems and modular technological shafts. The case study analyses underscored the critical role of adaptable structural materials and multistage user engagement in balancing customization, structural efficiency and operational efficacy. Originality/value By linking theoretical insights with practical applications, this study provides a reference for architects and policymakers, contributing to developing adaptable, sustainable housing for aging populations.