The CMS Phase-2 Fast Beam Condition Monitor prototype test with beam

Abstract The Fast Beam Condition Monitor (FBCM) is a standalone luminometer for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) program of the CMS Experiment at CERN. The detector is under development and features a new, radiation-hard, front-end application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designed for beam monitoring applications. The achieved timing resolution of a few nanoseconds enables the measurement of both the luminosity and the beam-induced background. The ASIC, called FBCM23, features six channels with adjustable shaping times, enabling in-field fine-tuning. Each ASIC channel outputs a single binary asynchronous signal encoding time-of-arrival and time-over-threshold information. The FBCM is based on silicon-pad sensors, with two sensor designs presently being considered. This paper presents the results of tests of the FBCM detector prototype using both types of silicon sensors with hadron, muon, and electron beams. Irradiated FBCM23 ASICs and silicon-pad sensors were also tested to simulate the expected conditions near the end of the detector's lifetime in the HL-LHC radiation environment. Based on test results, direct bonding between the sensor and ASIC was chosen, and an optimal bias voltage and ASIC threshold for FBCM operation were proposed. The current design of the front-end test board was validated following the beam test and is now being used for the first front-end module, which is expected to be produced in summer 2025. These results represent a major step forward in validating the FBCM concept, first version of the firmware and establishing a reliable design path for the final detector.

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Journal
Journal of Instrumentation
Published
2025-11-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/11/p11008
Primary Topic
Particle Detector Development and Performance
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article
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article

The CMS Phase-2 Fast Beam Condition Monitor prototype test with beam

W.H. Liu, Moritz Wiehe, Anne Dabrowski, J. Kaplon et al.
Journal of Instrumentation
Particle Detector Development and Performance
article

The CMS Phase-2 Fast Beam Condition Monitor prototype test with beam

W.H. Liu, Moritz Wiehe, Anne Dabrowski, J. Kaplon, G. Pásżtor, J. Schwandt, B. Ristić, David Stickland, D. Wilbern, Konstantin Shibin, M. Pari, Dmitri Mihhailov, H. Bakhshiansohi, A. Lokhovitskiy, M. Obradovic, Maksim Jenihhin, S. Mallows, Carlos E. Romero, Alexey Shevelev, S. Spanier, A. G. Delannoy, G. J. Wegrzyn, O. Karacheban, M. Dragicevic, Mosslim Sedghi, B. Ujvári, Ármin Kadlecsik, B. Korcsmáros, G. Steinbrück, G. Auzinger, M. Fernández, F.L. Pereira Carneiro, A. Tsirou, B. Gyöngyösi, P. G. Verdini, S. Orfanelli, M. Velasco, M. Guthoff, R. Loos, Vahid Sedighzadeh Dalavi, N. Dienemann, M. Princova, P.D. Winney
article en

Abstract

Abstract The Fast Beam Condition Monitor (FBCM) is a standalone luminometer for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) program of the CMS Experiment at CERN. The detector is under development and features a new, radiation-hard, front-end application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designed for beam monitoring applications. The achieved timing resolution of a few nanoseconds enables the measurement of both the luminosity and the beam-induced background. The ASIC, called FBCM23, features six channels with adjustable shaping times, enabling in-field fine-tuning. Each ASIC channel outputs a single binary asynchronous signal encoding time-of-arrival and time-over-threshold information. The FBCM is based on silicon-pad sensors, with two sensor designs presently being considered. This paper presents the results of tests of the FBCM detector prototype using both types of silicon sensors with hadron, muon, and electron beams. Irradiated FBCM23 ASICs and silicon-pad sensors were also tested to simulate the expected conditions near the end of the detector's lifetime in the HL-LHC radiation environment. Based on test results, direct bonding between the sensor and ASIC was chosen, and an optimal bias voltage and ASIC threshold for FBCM operation were proposed. The current design of the front-end test board was validated following the beam test and is now being used for the first front-end module, which is expected to be produced in summer 2025. These results represent a major step forward in validating the FBCM concept, first version of the firmware and establishing a reliable design path for the final detector.

Journal of InstrumentationVol. 20(11)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE), Eötvös Loránd University (HU), Tallinn University of Technology (EE), Northwestern University (US), University of Debrecen (HU), Austrian Academy of Sciences (AT), Universität Hamburg (DE), Isfahan University of Technology (IR), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR), Princeton University (US), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY (DE), University of Oxford (GB), University of Belgrade (RS), Institute of Particle Physics (CA), Circle Park (US), Karlsruhe University of Education (DE), Hamburg Institut (Germany) (DE), Science Oxford (GB), Instituto de Física de Cantabria (ES), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa (IT), University of Maryland, College Park (US), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CH), Palacký University Olomouc (CZ), Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (DE), University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US), University of Minho (PT)
Openalex Percentile: Top 84%
Particle Detector Development and Performance
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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