Teleconnections to the Baltic Sea Region: Controls, Predictability and Consequences

Abstract. Teleconnections between the North Atlantic and the Baltic Sea region are shaped by the polar jet stream and are critical drivers of weather and climate in the region, thereby impacting the physical and biogeochemical properties of the Baltic Sea ecosystem. This review synthesizes how key circulation features and modes of climate variability, including the North Atlantic Oscillation, atmospheric blocking and the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, influence the Baltic Sea region. By examining existing literature data and observational and climate model data, we summarize links to temperature, precipitation, storms and other key indicators from synoptic to multidecadal time scales. We then assess how these climate controls cascade into ecosystem relevant processes, namely oxygen dynamics, primary productivity and ocean acidification. Although physical links are already established, the pathways connecting large-scale atmospheric patterns to biogeochemistry are still poorly constrained, partly because dedicated field studies and targeted model experiments are limited. We outline priority research needs to enhance near-term predictability and reduce uncertainty in future projections for the Baltic Sea.

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Publication Details

Published
2025-11-14
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5496
Primary Topic
Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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Teleconnections to the Baltic Sea Region: Controls, Predictability and Consequences

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Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
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Teleconnections to the Baltic Sea Region: Controls, Predictability and Consequences

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article en

Abstract

Abstract. Teleconnections between the North Atlantic and the Baltic Sea region are shaped by the polar jet stream and are critical drivers of weather and climate in the region, thereby impacting the physical and biogeochemical properties of the Baltic Sea ecosystem. This review synthesizes how key circulation features and modes of climate variability, including the North Atlantic Oscillation, atmospheric blocking and the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, influence the Baltic Sea region. By examining existing literature data and observational and climate model data, we summarize links to temperature, precipitation, storms and other key indicators from synoptic to multidecadal time scales. We then assess how these climate controls cascade into ecosystem relevant processes, namely oxygen dynamics, primary productivity and ocean acidification. Although physical links are already established, the pathways connecting large-scale atmospheric patterns to biogeochemistry are still poorly constrained, partly because dedicated field studies and targeted model experiments are limited. We outline priority research needs to enhance near-term predictability and reduce uncertainty in future projections for the Baltic Sea.

Tallinn University of Technology (EE), Uppsala University (SE), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), University of Bonn (DE), Ifremer (FR), University of Turku (FI), Universität Hamburg (DE), Stockholm University (SE), Lund University (SE), Université de Montpellier (FR), Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (DE), Tartu Observatory (EE), Swedish Species Information Centre (SE), Instytut Oceanologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PL), Marine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (FR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (FR), University of Tartu (EE), University of Silesia in Katowice (PL), Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz
Openalex Percentile: Top 66%
Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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