Protective Role of <scp> <i>Ficus racemosa</i> </scp> L. Against Obesity Induced Infertility and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome—A Study on an Obese Rat Model

ABSTRACT Aim Ficus racemosa L. bark is known for its anti‐inflammatory and antipyretic properties and is traditionally used in the treatment of dysentery. Emerging evidence suggests its potential role in regulating female fertility. The present study aimed to characterize the major phenolic compounds in F. racemosa bark methanolic extract (FRBME) and evaluate its effect on fertility restoration in WNIN/GR‐Ob obese female rats. Methods Twenty prepubertal obese rats (35 days old) were divided into two groups: control rats receiving a standard diet and experimental rats treated orally with FRBME (100 mg/kg body weight) for 60 days. Vaginal cytology was used to monitor oestrous cyclicity, and body composition was assessed non‐invasively. Biochemical analyses included lipid profile and reproductive hormone measurements, while ovarian and uterine tissues were evaluated histologically. Results Hesperidin and chlorogenic acid were identified as the major phenolic compounds in FRBME. The treatment expedited the onset of puberty, reinstated regular oestrous cycles, and markedly decreased body fat and serum triglyceride levels. Histological examination demonstrated an elongation of the uterine horn, a reduction in ovarian cysts, and the presence of corpora lutea, which signify the restoration of ovulatory function. Conclusion These observations imply that FRBME, which is abundant in bioactive phenolics, could provide therapeutic benefits for enhancing reproductive health in obese rats suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).