Defining Umbilical Norms in Kenya: A Morphometric Analysis of 411 Adults

Kenyan adults have a mean <i>X</i>:<i>U</i> ratio of 1.69, modified independently by sex and body mass index. This umbilical ratio departs from the golden ratio, underscoring the need for population-specific morphometric references.

Authors

Joseph Wanjeri
Benjamin Wabwire
Sama K. Fofung

Institutions

University of Nairobi (KE)

Publication Details

Journal: Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open
Published: 2025-11-01
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000007274
Primary Topic: Body Contouring and Surgery
Type: article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact: 0.00

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article

Defining Umbilical Norms in Kenya: A Morphometric Analysis of 411 Adults

Joseph Wanjeri, Benjamin Wabwire, Sama K. Fofung

Nov 1, 2025

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open

Body Contouring and Surgery

article

Defining Umbilical Norms in Kenya: A Morphometric Analysis of 411 Adults

Joseph Wanjeri, Benjamin Wabwire, Sama K. Fofung

November 1, 2025article en

Abstract

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global OpenVol. 13(11)

University of Nairobi (KE)

Openalex Percentile: Top 47%

Body Contouring and Surgery

DOI Open Access PDF OpenAlex

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Defining Umbilical Norms in Kenya: A Morphometric Analysis of 411 Adults — Joseph Wanjeri, Benjamin Wabwire, et al. · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS