Accessibility of Ontario pharmacies offering COVID-19 vaccination by rurality, community material deprivation, and ethnic concentration: a repeated cross-sectional geospatial analysis

During COVID-19 vaccine scarcity or abundance, deprived and ethnically concentrated urban areas had similar or higher access compared to less deprived areas. However, rural deprived areas experienced lower geographic accessibility. Access to pharmacies can be enhanced in rural deprived areas by incentivization and outreach. Further research examining whether this geographic accessibility variance influenced vaccine uptake and infection rates.