Spatial-temporal characteristics and driving factors of the coupling coordination between primary health care and socioeconomic development: a case study of Beijing, China

Over the last decade, Beijing's PHC resources have significantly increased, but spatial imbalance persists. Several districts exhibit a lag in PHC relative to socio-economic advancements, with pronounced systemic imbalances in the far suburbs. Factors driving this dual imbalance include geographical features, resident economic status, demographics, medical resources, and government regulation ability. Enhanced governmental investment and policy support for PHC in the far suburbs are recommended.