Exploring the impact of metformin on the central nervous system and neurotransmission: A systematic review

Metformin shows promise for repurposing in CNS disorders via direct neurotransmitter regulation alongside mitochondrial and anti-inflammatory effects. Given that the majority of available data are preclinical, translational studies and well-designed clinical trials are essential to establish efficacy, dosing, and target populations. These findings underscore the metabolic-neurological interface and suggest a shift from viewing metformin solely as a metabolic therapy to recognizing its neurotherapeutic potential. Long-term use warrants vitamin B12 monitoring.