Smart Power Consumption Monitoring Using IoT: A Review of Design Approaches and Implementation Techniques

Abstract: The limitations of conventional energy meters—missing remote access, accurate billing, and real-time tracking—have been highlighted by the increasing need for efficient energy management. Smart energy meters based on IoT present a modern answer by enabling data storage, remote management, and continuous monitoring of power consumption, enhancing efficiency for both utility firms and consumers. To quantify electricity consumption in real time and transmit the information to a cloud platform for oversight and examination, this initiative proposes the creation and deployment of a smart energy meter equipped with Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system includes an LCD display, current and voltage sensors, and a microprocessor (ESP8266/ESP32) for local monitoring. A mobile or web application can remotely access energy consumption data through Internet of Things technologies. To enhance energy management, additional features comprise analysis of past usage and notifications for atypical energy consumption. The main objective of this project is to deliver a cost-effective, reliable, and intuitive platform that highlights the integration of cloud analytics, embedded systems, and Internet of Things connectivity. Potential applications for the technology might involve combining it with renewable energy sources, intelligent grid systems, and AI-driven energy management predictions.