Review of Smart Robotic Car Systems for Obstacle Detection and Bluetooth Control

Abstract: Robotics and autonomous systems are essential in contemporary technology, with uses that span from industrial automation to personal support. An essential need for any mobile robot is the capability to move through its surroundings safely and be operated by a user. Conventional remote-controlled (RC) vehicles provide manual operation but are unaware of their surroundings, making them susceptible to crashes. This project showcases a dual-function robotic vehicle utilizing Arduino microcontroller technology. The system incorporates an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor for detecting obstacles and an HC-05 Bluetooth module for remote control. The vehicle can function in two separate modes: an autonomous mode that intelligently maneuvers by avoiding obstacles independently, and a manual mode where it is controlled wirelessly through a specialized smartphone app. An Arduino Uno board interprets sensor information and user instructions to manage the motors via a motor driver module. The main goal of this project is to develop a flexible, affordable robotic platform that showcases fundamental ideas of embedded systems, sensor integration, and wireless communication. The system is instructive, easy to use, and acts as a basis for more complex robotics projects, including those related to path planning or IoT integration. This dual-mode strategy improves the capabilities and practical use of the robotic vehicle, rendering it appropriate for educational purposes, amateur projects, and as a model for advanced autonomous systems.