Real-Time Bus Tracking and Smart Bus Stop Management Using IoT: Trends and Future Directions

Abstract: The Smart Bus Stop System With Real-Time Bus Locationis designed to address the challenges faced by commuters in rural and off-grid areas where cellular networks and internet connectivity are often unavailable. The system leverages GPS modules installed on buses to collect real-time location data, which is transmitted to bus stops using low-power, long-range (LoRa) wireless communication. At each bus stop, an ESP32 microcontroller receives and processes this data to estimate and display the bus arrival time (ETA) on a digital screen. By eliminating dependence on mobile networks, the proposed solution ensures reliable, low-cost, and energy-efficient communication. This scalable approach improves commuter convenience, reduces waiting times, and enhances the overall efficiency of rural public transportation systems.