From design to decision-making: emergency manager participation in the development of coastal storm decision support tools

Findings of our review reveal low levels of EM engagement reported in existing literature, which may reflect a disconnect between the tools being developed and their use by EMs. We also found limited reporting on the outcomes of these efforts, suggesting that most DSTs have yet to achieve mainstream use. Recommendations for research and practice include (1) increased reporting on the engagement of EM in DST development; (2) an assessment of the barriers related to DST development and implementation for both tool developers and EMs; (3) longitudinal studies or case studies of DST development and implementation; and (4) the creation of a standardized approach or set of best practices for DST development and implementation to increase their success.